Étienne, with the attached Bible School and French Archaeological School, the American College, the Greek Catholic Seminary of St. The city is the seat of Hebrew Univ., the British School of Archaeology, the Dominican Fathers' Convent of St. Jerusalem has numerous museums one of the finest is the Israel Museum, in the New City, whose collection ranges from the contemporary to displays of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Since the 1967 war, Israel has annexed the Old City and annexed and combined areas in the West Bank neighboring the Old City into Jerusalem, greatly enlarging East Jerusalem but also confining Arabs to existing Palestinian neighborhoods. To the west and south of the Old City runs the Valley of Hinnom this meets the Kidron near the pool of Siloam, which is next to the site of the original city of Jerusalem, now partly excavated and called the City of David the Acra, a Seleucid (Greek Syrian) fortress, may have been at the northern end of this area. Scopus was an Israeli exclave in Arab territory. is located on the western edge of the city at Ein Karem. Scopus, a Jewish intellectual center that is the site of the Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew Univ., and the Jewish National Library. To the east of the Old City is the Valley of the Kidron, beyond which lie the Garden of Gethsemane and the Mount of Olives. Click the link for more information., is also in that section of the city. Romani (Gypsies), homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, the disabled, and others were also victims of the Holocaust. , name given to the period of persecution and extermination of European Jews by Nazi Germany.
Yad Vashem, a memorial to the Holocaust Holocaust It is the site of several educational institutions, as well as the Knesset (Israeli parliament) and other government buildings (including the striking Supreme Court building, which opened in 1992). The New City, extending west and southwest of the Old City, has developed tremendously since the 19th cent.
Through the area runs the Via Dolorosa, along which Jesus is said to have carried his cross. Its greatest monument is the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. The Christian quarter occupies the northern and northwestern parts of the Old City. To the west of the Jewish quarter is the Armenian quarter, site of the Gulbenkian Library. Partially destroyed in previous Arab-Israeli fighting, the Old City was captured in 1967 by the Israelis, who began to rebuild and renovate the Jewish quarter. Nearby and southwest of the Haram is the Jewish quarter, with several famous old synagogues. The wall of the Haram incorporates the Western Wall, or Wailing Wall, a remnant of the retaining wall of the Second Temple and a holy place for Jews. Moriah, are the Dome of the Rock (completed 691), or Mosque of Omar, and the Mosque of al-Aksa. The Muslim quarter, in the east, contains a sacred enclosure, the Haram esh-Sherif (known as the Temple Mount to Jews), within which, built on the old Mt. The Old City, a quadrangular area built on two hills and surrounded by a wall completed in 1542 by the Ottoman sultan Sulayman I, is in East Jerusalem. Many of Jerusalem's original streets, including the main Cardo, have been excavated and turned into tourist sites. Excavations have been made in Jerusalem since 1835, and after 1967, the Israelis increased this activity.
The most famous and most difficult identification is that of Calvary. The traditional identifications vary in reliability from certainty (such as Gethsemane) to pious supposition (such as the Tomb of the Virgin). Jerusalem's churches and shrines are legion. Often under the name of Zion, it figures prominently in Jewish and Christian literature as a symbol of the capital of the Messiah. Jerusalem is a holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. The city is served by road, rail, and air transport. Manufactures include cut and polished diamonds, plastics, clothing, and shoes, and electronic printing and other high-technology industries have been developed. Tourism and the construction of houses and hotels are the city's major industries. It is an administrative, religious, educational, cultural, and market center. Jerusalem is situated on a ridge 2,500 ft (760 m) high that lies west of the Dead Sea and the Jordan River. A notable exception is the United States, which during the Trump administration recognized (2017) the city as Israel's capital. East Jerusalem is also claimed by Palestinians as a future capital, and most nations have not formally recognized the city as the capital of Israel in the belief that its status remains to be determined by negotiations.
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